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100 years of Indian cinema

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As Bollywood turned 100 recently, eminent economist and Bollywood fan, Lord Meghnad Desai explores whether it has reflected the life and times of a changing India.

 

INDIANS like to be told stories, especially the stories they have heard before.

Narratives of epics, history, romance and family sagas crowd the Indian mind.

Folk theatre and itinerant singers have done this for ages. Indian cinema has done the same for a century.

Indian cinema is as old as cinema itself. Six months after their Paris debut in 1895, the Lumiere brothers came to Bombay’s (now Mumbai) Watson Hotel and displayed their new invention, and Indians took to cine photography like fish to water. They began making single and two reel films immediately.

The first feature film Raja Harishchandra (1913), based on a well known story from the epics, came after years of preparation. Even so, Bollywood (which strictly refers to the Hindi film industry and not the many other language film industries) has never been given its due in India’s cultural and intellectual life.

It suffers from much condescension of the elite who celebrate classical music, classical dance and theatre, but look down upon Bollywood films as vulgar, common and highly unrealistic.

Cinema actually has been the most vibrant medium for telling India its own story, the story of its struggle for independence, its constant struggle to achieve national integration and to emerge as a global presence.

Cinema has also been a major export success and is one of the few of India’s products, which is a global brand across Asia and Africa and increasingly Europe and America.

Themes such as untouchability were tackled by Bombay Talkies’s Achhut Kanya (1936) and yet again in 1959 by Bimal Roy in Sujata.

Widow remarriage was the theme of Ek Hi Rasta (1956) and dowry deaths in Dahej (1950).

These themes recur but in new forms as India changes. There are other political themes.

In 1943, the film Kismet became a huge hit and its most celebrated song was Door hato ai duniyawalon Hindustan hamara hai (Go away you people of the world, India is ours) at the height of the Quit India agitation against the British.

By 1949, newly independent India was just discovering itself and its diversity. In the film, Shabnam, there was the first multi-lingual film song with stanzas in Bengali, Marathi and Tamil, telling the audience that they were all part of India while poking gentle fun at the stereotypes it created.

V Shantaram, the prodigious filmmaker whose career lasted 65 years from 1921 to 1986, made Teen Batti Chaar Raste (1953) on the theme of the need to live together despite linguistic and cultural differences, by relating a story of a family where the brides speak several languages.

Director Mohan Sehgal took up the same theme of antagonism between northern and southern Indians in his film New Delhi (1956) where a famous line has the Punjabi speaking hero say to his Tamil lover that his father believes that if he encounters a cobra and a madrasi – as all south Indians were called by the north Indians – on the way he will kill the madrasi first!

Yet the power of love conquers all, along with good music and entertaining dances. The timid 1940s had tragic films with the hero and heroine thwarted in the path of love and dying singly or together while singing memorable songs.

By the mid-1950s Dilip Kumar, the quintessential tragic hero of the earlier days, was challenging the system in Naya Daur, as a horse carriage driver fighting a new bus service. He wins the race against the bus and the woman he loves in happy ending. This confident India is questioned by Guru Dutt’s 1957 classic Pyaasa and Ramesh Saigal’s 1958 Phir Subah Hogi which mocks Nehruvian India with its egalitarian pretensions and dismal outcomes.

By 1960, K Asif has his spectacular celebration of India in his historic epic Mughal-e-Azam on Akbar’s reign while Raj Kapoor in his Jis Desh Me Ganga Behti Hai and Dilip Kumar in his Ganga Jamuna are exploring the theme of what makes a person a dacoit. The multiple tensions in India all find their niches in Bollywood which never instructs but always entertains.

The portrayal of the British also undergoes a subtle change as India develops. In Manoj Kumar’s 1981 film Kranti, the British are blood thirsty tyrants much given to the whip and the manacle while patriotic Indians wage a war against them. By 2001, Aamir Khan’s Lagaan has the story of a village challenging the British to a cricket match in lieu of an unjust revenue demand and defeating them. Here is confident India rethinking its colonial past.

Globalisation and increasing cosmopolitanism raise anxiety about what it is to be an Indian, especially for a young woman.

So we have films like Hum Aapke Hain Koun (1994) where the traditional family wedding meets lovers’ choice and concedes, while in Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) it is the expatriate Indians discovering their roots though growing up abroad.

By the time you come to Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) we have the old story of male bonding among three men which spans across Spain romancing senoritas. Yet the men are truly Indian.

It is part and parcel of India’s story which it tells like no other medium and earns more than all the rest. Let us look forward to its second century.

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Posted in Nigerian Newspapers. A DisNaija.Com network.

Source: The Nation Newspaper

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This Day

Military, Police Ring Abuja to Forestall Boko Haram Attack

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•Deploy more personnel as army chief vows to wipe out terror group
•Security beefed up at N’Assembly

Deji Elumoye and Kingsley Nwezeh in Abuja

Abuja, Nigeria’s seat of power, is under a massive security cordon following threats of attacks by insurgents and the increasing wave of banditry in the contiguous states of Kaduna, Kogi, Nasarawa and Niger States, THISDAY’s investigation has revealed.

There has been a wave of kidnappings in the outskirts of the federal capital, notably Pegi, Tuganmaje and Kuje among others, which the police have battled in recent times.

The security situation in and around the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was heightened by the pronouncement of the Niger State Governor, Mr. Sani Bello, that Boko Haram fighters who he said sacked 50 villages in the state and hoisted the terror group’s flag, were about two hours drive away from the FCT.

Security has also been beefed up at the National Assembly as operatives, yesterday, thoroughly screened every vehicle approaching the National Assembly complex in Abuja.

The deteriorating security situation nationwide prompted the National Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Prince Uche Secondus, to warn that the 2023 general election may not hold, demanding the declaration of a state of emergency as well as the convocation of a national conference.
However, the Chief of Army Staff, Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Attahiru, yesterday restated the Nigerian Army’s determination to annihilate Boko Haram.

But the Governor of Katsina State, Hon. Bello Masari, cautioned against declaring a state of emergency, saying doing so isn’t the solution to combat the security challenges facing the country.
The security of the nation’s airports was also in focus yesterday as the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) said there was no threat to them.

THISDAY’s investigations showed increased presence of troops, police, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) personnel and intelligence operatives at the three strategic entrances to the city notably, Keffi, Zuba and Gwagwalada.

More checkpoints were also mounted around Gwagwalada and Keffi.
THISDAY also observed increased intelligence deployment at the entrance and the borders of FCT with contiguous states.

Beyond the borders, there were more deployments and police patrols inside the city and increased intelligence deployments as well.
Security sources told THISDAY: “There are deployments here and there but they are routine. Alertness is key to a secure environment.”

It was also learnt that security agencies were involved in frenzied meetings throughout yesterday.
The meetings, coordinated by the office of the Chief of Defence Staff under the new joint operational strategy of the armed forces, were aimed at coordinating a joint response to possible threats of attack to the FCT.

“I understand the security teams have been meeting for some days now and if you look around you, you will notice that there are increasing patrols and numbers of security personnel. The threats are not been taken lightly,” a source said.

National Assembly workers, lawmakers and visitors also had a harrowing experience accessing the legislative complex due to heightened security in the area.
Security operatives thoroughly screened every vehicle approaching the National Assembly complex in Abuja, impeding both human and vehicular traffic.

The Sergeant-at-arm of the National Assembly and other security agencies supervised the operations, leading to huge traffic build-up inside the complex.

Legislative staff, visitors and lawmakers were seen patiently waiting for their cars to be searched so that they could go ahead with the business of the day.
Some staff and visitors at some point got tired of waiting and were seen alighting from their cars to trek from the gate to the complex.

Meanwhile, the ONSA has said there is no threat to the nation’s airports.
A statement by the Head of Strategic Communication, Mr. Zachari Usman, said the reports of threats to the airports were an internal correspondence of security threat assessment misconstrued as security threat to the airports.

PDP Demands State of Emergency

In a related development, the PDP National Chairman, Prince Uche Secondus, yesterday demanded the declaration of a state of emergency, warning that the 2023 general election might not hold if the federal government failed to tackle insecurity.

He called on the federal government to summon a national conference to address the spike in insecurity.
Secondus added that the national caucus of the party will meet today to discuss the state of the nation.

Addressing members of the National Executive Committee (NEC) in Abuja, Secondus said: “We are worried Abuja is not even safe. It is no longer politics. We got alert of plots to bomb and burn down our airports.

“We urge the federal government to declare a national state of emergency in security. There is the need to call a national conference to discuss the insecurity in the country.

“There may not be any election in 2023 in Nigeria due to insecurity. This government must listen to the people. The Buhari government should call a national confab to discuss security and state of the nation. It is no longer politics. This time we are not playing politics. Let’s keep politics aside and move the nation forward.”
He said the country had been grounded, regretting that there had been no matching response from the federal government.

Secondus said in the past, terrorism in the North was confined to the North-east, but with the report of Boko Haram occupying villages in Niger State, terrorism had spread to the North-central
“Herdsmen are also menacing in the West; gunmen causing havoc in the East; and the militants in the South; all killing, looting, raping, maiming and burning down homes. The situation is bad; Nigerians all over are living in fear,” he said.

The Senate Minority Leader, Senator Enyinnaya Abaribe, said the problem of Nigeria was outside of the PDP headquarters, while pledging the support of the Senate to the declaration of state of emergency in security.

Abaribe said he deliberately decided not to speak on the floor of the Senate but to allow the APC senators to speak so as to avoid being accused of giving a partisan colouration to the issue of insecurity.

He stated that only electoral reforms would give victory to the opposition party in the 2023 general election and ensure a democratic defeat of the APC-led federal government.
Also, the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, Hon. Ndudi Elumelu, commended the NEC and the PDP leadership for their collective efforts at resolving the House leadership crisis.

The NEC meeting adopted the position of Secondus, calling on the federal government to convoke a national conference to discuss the state of insecurity in the country, according to a communiqué read by the National Publicity Secretary, Mr. Kola Ologbondiyan.

Army Chief Vows to Wipe Out Boko Haram

The army yesterday reiterated its commitment to wipe out Boko Haram.
Chief of Army Staff (COAS), Lt. Gen. Ibrahim Attahiru, told reporters in Maiduguri, Borno State that Boko Haram had been defeated in many encounters and would continue to be defeated until it’s annihilated from Nigeria.

“We will take on Boko Haram decisively, and we are committed to the focus of the operations, which is the total annihilation of Boko Haram from Nigeria,” he said.

The COAS, who was visiting the headquarters of Operation Lafiya Dole in Maiduguri for the fifth time since his appointment four months ago, said the visit was to boost the morale of the troops, reassure them and listen to any issues affecting them.

Earlier, the Theatre Commander of Operation Lafiya Dole, Maj. Gen. Farouq Yahaya, lauded the visit, which he said had continued to boost the morale of the troops.
“We are honoured, we are grateful, we are encouraged by those visits. You provided us guidance, logistics and other things we required. We are most grateful for those visits,” Yahaya said.

State of Emergency Won’t Solve Security Challenges, Says Masari

Katsina State Governor, Hon. Aminu Masari, has, however, said declaration of a state of emergency won’t solve the security challenges facing the nation.
Masari, who spoke yesterday with journalists after meeting with the Chief of Staff to the President, Prof. Ibrahim Gambari at the State House, Abuja stated that he was against the recent call by the House of Representatives for the declaration of a state of emergency in the security sector as it would not solve the problem.
According to him, declaring a state of emergency will not achieve the desired effect as the security structure and personnel to be used to execute the emergency are already overstretched in a bid to safeguard lives and property.

Sourced From: THISDAYLIVE

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Tribune

Nigeria records 55 new COVID-19 infections, total now 165,110

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Tribune Online
Nigeria records 55 new COVID-19 infections, total now 165,110

The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has recorded 62 new cases of COVID-19, bringing the total number of infections in the country to 165,110. The NCDC disclosed this on its official Twitter handle on Friday. “55 new cases of #COVID19Nigeria; Lagos-21, Yobe-19, Ogun-6, Akwa Ibom-3, Kaduna-2, Plateau-2, FCT-1, Rivers-1.” YOU SHOULD NOT MISS THESE HEADLINES FROM NIGERIAN TRIBUNE COVID-19: Nigeria Recorded […]

Nigeria records 55 new COVID-19 infections, total now 165,110
Tribune Online

Sourced From: Tribune Online

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Premium Times

Insecurity: Lagos bans occupation of abandoned buildings

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The government said that no worker should stay back beyond 6:00 p.m. within premises of buildings undergoing construction.

The post Insecurity: Lagos bans occupation of abandoned buildings appeared first on Premium Times Nigeria.

Sourced From: Premium Times Nigeria

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The Nation

UFC: Usman gets N584m after beating Masvidal

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Kamaru Usman has raked in a mammoth £1.1million, about N584.2 million after his impressive knockout victory over Jorge Masvidal on Saturday night, Sportivation.com.ng reports.

The Nigerian Nightmare has been handsomely rewarded for his stunning performance and he was the best-paid fighter on the card which was witnessed by 15, 000 fans in Florida.

According to Daily Mail, Usman earned £538,000 to show up, £459,000 pay-per-view bonus, a £43,000 sponsorship bonus and a well deserved £35,000 Performance of the Night bonus.

Jorge Masvidal also earned £358,000 to show, £186,000 in pay-per-view money and a £28,000 sponsorship bonus.

This is the biggest payday of Usman’s career so far and the Welterweight champion also benefited from the fact that Masvidal is also a top draw for the fans.

Kamaru Usman is a Nigerian-American professional mixed martial artist, former freestyle wrestler and graduated folkstyle wrestler.

Sourced From: Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics

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